Political Science

Whether we aspire to become the best lawyer or charity worker, life partner or celebrity influencer, we emulate exemplars that exist in the world – hoping it will bring us happiness. But this often leads to a complex game of envy and pride. In Against Identity, philosopher Alexander Douglas seeks an alternative wisdom. Searching the work of three thinkers – ancient Chinese philosopher Zhuangzi, Dutch Enlightenment thinker Benedict de Spinoza, and 20th Century French theorist René Girard – he explores how identity can be a spiritual violence that leads us away from truth.

What does it mean to call something "new"? Why is Western art and culture, even after postmodernism, still so obsessed with the concept? What are the consequences of relying on culture to bring about social change? In this provocative book, David Balzer argues that Western culture was never designed to produce truly new or original artifacts. Rather, we move from fixation to fixation, trend to trend—a cycle of creation and destruction with deep origins in Judeo-Christianity and the paganism that preceded it.

What does it mean to be cosmopolitan? Typically, cosmopolitanism is understood as a broad moral orientation, involving some kind of commitment to global moral equality. On this understanding, to be cosmopolitan is simply to evidence that moral orientation oneself. By contrast, Being Cosmopolitan takes up a thoroughly political approach. The focus is on what it might mean, and what it is like, to be political in a distinctly cosmopolitan form.

The Communist Manifesto (German: Kommunistisches Manifest), originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party, is a political pamphlet written by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848, the Manifesto remains one of the world's most influential political documents.[citation needed] It presents an analytical approach to class struggle and criticizes capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, without attempting to predict communism's potential future forms.

The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the national frame and constraints of government.

Mary Wollstonecraft is widely hailed as the mother of modern feminism. The book that made her famous, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, is a work of worldwide renown. Yet the range of her achievements as a thinker and writer reach far beyond this text. She was a multi-faceted author, and although the condition of women was a constant preoccupation throughout her life, she wrote on a wide variety of topics and in a range of literary forms, some of which she created herself.

Un saggio preciso, avvincente, che restituisce l'entusiasmo di una stagione del Novecento ormai entrata nel mito. Episodi della lotta per i diritti civili degli afroamericani si alternano al racconto delle vite di pensatori, di attivisti fin qui noti solo agli esperti, che hanno preceduto Malcom X e Martin Luther King, consentendo loro di diventare ciò che sono stati. L'avventura umana di questi due giganti - spesso diversi, talvolta affini - che hanno dato la vita per cambiare il mondo permette cosí di gettare una luce su un pezzo della storia recente.

Los presidentes en Latinoamérica tienen muchísimo poder… para emboscar a sus rivales, complotar, ocultar y robar. Pero, contra lo que suele creerse, disponen de muy poco margen de maniobra para hacer el bien. ¿Quién ha logrado reducir de forma sustancial los índices de violencia, por ejemplo? ¿Alguien ha conseguido acabar con el crimen organizado, consolidar las instituciones democráticas, fortalecer los contrapesos del sistema político o reducir la pobreza de forma radical y duradera en el tiempo?

Desde mediados del siglo XX, la esperanza de vida ha aumentado en occidente de veinte a treinta años, lo que equivale a toda una existencia en el siglo XVII. Así pues, al llegar a los cincuenta años, experimentamos una suerte de suspensión entre la madurez y la vejez, un intervalo en el que la brevedad de la vida realmente comienza, mientras nos planteamos las grandes cuestiones de nuestra condición.

This book is a wake-up call to my fellow Americans ... to get themselves back on the road that brought America to greatness over a long historical process, one lasting from the early 1600s until America arrived at superpower status in the follow-up to World War Two (the 1950s). The book digs deeply into that long historical record - to bring to light the fact that it was a moral-spiritual dynamic, not a political-economic one, that brought about this development.